{"id":556,"date":"2020-06-16T15:57:40","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T15:57:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acowhite.uk\/?page_id=556"},"modified":"2021-01-13T12:38:27","modified_gmt":"2021-01-13T12:38:27","slug":"acoustics-issues","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/acoustics-issues\/","title":{"rendered":"ACOUSTICS ISSUES"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"section  text-normal section-text-no-shadow section-inner-no-shadow section-normal section-opaque\"  >\n    \n    <div class=\"background-overlay grid-overlay-0 \" style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"container-fullwidth container-vertical-default\">\n        <div class=\"row vertical-default\">\n            <div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"row \"><div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><h3 class=\"cd-headline letters type text-center  element-top-20 element-bottom-20 text-normal bigger bold\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n\t<span>Acoustics &#8211; The Issues<\/span>\n\t<span class=\"cd-words-wrapper\">\n        \t<\/span>\n<\/h3>\n<hr class=\" element-top-20 element-bottom-20 os-animation\" data-os-animation=\"zoomOutLeft\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0.2s\"><div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 20%; background: white;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Candara',sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Acoustic Equalization\u00a0is part of every day life and is used extensively to amplify and\u00a0control\u00a0musical performance. Unwanted reverberation noise can cause great discomfort and pose a serious health hazard, greatly reducing efficiency in the workplace and quality of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 20%; background: white;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Candara',sans-serif; color: #333333;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-784 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Hard-surface-classroom-300x149.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Hard-surface-classroom-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Hard-surface-classroom.png 455w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>Minimalist design themes produce architecturally pleasing environments. However such designs, generally incorporate hard, flat surfaces, which produce reverberation and exacerbate unpleasant noise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 20%; background: white;\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Candara',sans-serif; color: #333333;\">Properly controlled acoustics are becoming increasingly important for architects, designers and builders internationally as they strive to meet both design criteria and health and safety standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"row \"><div class=\"col-md-6     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"figure element-top-20 element-bottom-20  \" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustics-issues-1.png\" class=\"figure-image magnific\" target=\"_self\">\n        <img width=\"541\" height=\"249\" src=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustics-issues-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustics-issues-1.png 541w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustics-issues-1-300x138.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\" \/>            <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"col-md-6     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"figure element-top-20 element-bottom-20  \" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Acoustically-Treated-classroom.png\" class=\"figure-image magnific\" target=\"_self\">\n        <img width=\"455\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Acoustically-Treated-classroom.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Acoustically-Treated-classroom.png 455w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Acoustically-Treated-classroom-300x149.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 455px) 100vw, 455px\" \/>            <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section  text-normal section-text-no-shadow section-inner-no-shadow section-normal section-opaque\"  >\n    \n    <div class=\"background-overlay grid-overlay-0 \" style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"container-fullwidth container-vertical-default\">\n        <div class=\"row vertical-default\">\n            <div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"row \"><div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><h1 class=\"cd-headline rotate-1 text-left  element-top-10 element-bottom-10 text-normal normal regular\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n\t<span>Reverberation<\/span>\n\t<span class=\"cd-words-wrapper\">\n        \t<\/span>\n<\/h1>\n<div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-565 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Reverberation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"273\" \/>The method of quantifying reverberation time was first developed in 1900 by Wallace Sabine, an American Physicist.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>T = Reverberation time<\/li>\n<li>V = Volume in m3<\/li>\n<li>A = Average absorption coefficient of the room<\/li>\n<li>S = Total surface area of the room in m2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-564\" src=\"http:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/t.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"198\" height=\"88\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Both the design and the analysis of room acoustics begin with this equation. Using the equation and the absorption coefficients of the materials from which the walls are to be constructed, an approximation can be obtained for the way in which the room will function acoustically. Absorbers and reflectors, or some combination of the two, can then be used to modify the reverberation time and its\u00a0frequency\u00a0dependence, thereby achieving the most desirable characteristics for specific uses. Representative absorption coefficients\u2014showing the fraction of the wave, as a function of frequency, that is absorbed when a sound hits various materials\u2014are given in the\u00a0Table. The absorption from all the surfaces in the room are added together to obtain the total absorption (<em>A<\/em>).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-788 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Reflected-wave-300x239.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"573\" height=\"457\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Reflected-wave-300x239.png 300w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Reflected-wave.png 358w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" \/>The tendency of a space to maintain sound energy is quantified by its &#8220;reverberation&#8221;. One could describe reverberation as a smooth, slowly decaying echo.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"row \"><div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><h1 class=\"cd-headline rotate-1 text-center  element-top-10 element-bottom-10 text-normal normal regular\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n\t<span>Application Areas<\/span>\n\t<span class=\"cd-words-wrapper\">\n        \t<\/span>\n<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"row \"><div class=\"col-md-6     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-0 element-bottom-0\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <ul>\n<li>Indoor swimming pools<\/li>\n<li>Art galleries<\/li>\n<li>Museums<\/li>\n<li>Open plan offices<\/li>\n<li>Restaurants<\/li>\n<li>Civic buildings<\/li>\n<li>Hospitals<\/li>\n<li>Libraries<\/li>\n<li>Shopping malls<\/li>\n<li>Lecture theatres<\/li>\n<li>Meeting rooms<\/li>\n<li>Entrance halls<\/li>\n<li>Dining areas<\/li>\n<li>Schools and Colleges<\/li>\n<li>Reception areas<\/li>\n<li>Interview rooms<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"col-md-6     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"divider-wrapper \" style=\"visibility:hidden;background-color:#FFFFFF\">\n    <div class=\"visible-xs\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-sm\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-md\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-lg\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"figure element-top-20 element-bottom-20  \" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sound-reflects-back.png\" class=\"figure-image magnific\" target=\"_self\">\n        <img width=\"313\" height=\"190\" src=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sound-reflects-back.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sound-reflects-back.png 313w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Sound-reflects-back-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" \/>            <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section  text-normal section-text-no-shadow section-inner-no-shadow section-normal section-opaque\"  >\n    \n    <div class=\"background-overlay grid-overlay-0 \" style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"container-fullwidth container-vertical-default\">\n        <div class=\"row vertical-default\">\n            <div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"row \"><div class=\"col-md-6     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p>Good acoustic design must take account of all these possible problems while emphasizing the desired acoustic features. One of the problems in a large auditorium involves simply delivering an adequate amount of sound to the rear of the hall. The intensity of a\u00a0spherical\u00a0sound wave decreases in intensity at a rate of six decibels for each factor of two increase in distance from the source, as shown above. If the auditorium is flat, a\u00a0hemispherical wave will result. Absorption of the diffracted wave by the ceiling\/ floor or audience near the bottom of the hemisphere will result in even greater absorption, so that the resulting intensity level will fall off at twice the theoretical rate, at about 12 decibels for each factor of two in distance. Because of this absorption, the ceiling of an auditorium are generally sloped downward toward the rear.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p>The human ear has become \u00abmore sensitive\u00bb and it reacts negatively to reverberations and other disturbing acoustic effects.<br \/>\nOur modern society is highly sensitized to sounds, special tones and noises: the human ear has become \u00abmore sensitive\u00bb and it reacts negatively to reverberations and other disturbing acoustic effects. Therefore, more attention is currently being paid to acoustic requirements. Increasing numbers of studies about concentration problems and noise-induced stress (in schools and offices, etc.) prove that poor room acoustics are unhealthy in the long \u00a0term, and they can lead to physical and psychological disorders and damage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p>Concert halls, auditoriums, lecture theatres and other large open-plan areas are not the only locations where room acoustics must meet exacting requirements nowadays. More and more frequently, acoustic issues are also to the fore when it comes to the construction of industrial and office buildings, as well as residential accommodation. The same issues arise in many building renovation or refurbishment projects (such as balcony undersides).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"col-md-6     text-default small-screen-default\"  ><div class=\"figure element-top-20 element-bottom-20  \" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/reverberations.png\" class=\"figure-image magnific\" target=\"_self\">\n        <img width=\"384\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/reverberations.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/reverberations.png 384w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/reverberations-300x196.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\" \/>            <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<div class=\"divider-wrapper \" style=\"visibility:hidden;background-color:#FFFFFF\">\n    <div class=\"visible-xs\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-sm\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-md\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-lg\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"divider-wrapper \" style=\"visibility:hidden;background-color:#FFFFFF\">\n    <div class=\"visible-xs\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-sm\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-md\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-lg\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"divider-wrapper \" style=\"visibility:hidden;background-color:#FFFFFF\">\n    <div class=\"visible-xs\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-sm\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-md\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"visible-lg\" style=\"height:24px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"figure element-top-20 element-bottom-20  \" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustic-Spray-plaster7.png\" class=\"figure-image magnific\" target=\"_self\">\n        <img width=\"625\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustic-Spray-plaster7.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustic-Spray-plaster7.png 625w, https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Acoustic-Spray-plaster7-300x170.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/>            <\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"section  text-normal section-text-no-shadow section-inner-no-shadow section-normal section-opaque\"  >\n    \n    <div class=\"background-overlay grid-overlay-0 \" style=\"background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);\"><\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"container-fullwidth container-vertical-default\">\n        <div class=\"row vertical-default\">\n            <div class=\"col-md-12     text-default small-screen-default\"  style=\"background:#000000;\"><div class=\"col-text-1 text-normal  element-top-20 element-bottom-20\" data-os-animation=\"none\" data-os-animation-delay=\"0s\">\n    <p style=\"text-align: center;\">Acowhite \u00a9 Copyright 2003 | All Rights Reserved<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Acoustics - The Issues Acoustic Equalization\u00a0is part of every day life and is used extensively to amplify and\u00a0control\u00a0musical performance. Unwanted reverberation noise can cause great discomfort and pose a serious health hazard, greatly reducing efficiency in the workplace and quality of life. Minimalist design themes produce architecturally pleasing environments. However such designs, generally incorporate hard,","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/556"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=556"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":902,"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/556\/revisions\/902"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acowhite.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}